Monday, December 30, 2019

The Problem Of Violence And Violence - 1702 Words

Introduction Following the 2011 riots, the UK’s Government has reviewed the existence of gangs and the extent of violence caused by these gangs. An intensive prevention strategy has been put into place and has been running for a small number of years. Failing to evaluate the effectiveness of the project; the Home Office have spent over  £10 million on their ‘Ending Gang and Youth Violence’ programme (House of Commons, 2017). It is paramount that a unified definition of the term ‘gangs’ is understood by the Home Office and Police forces to recognise the scale of the issue locally and nationally. There are major concerns about young people’s lives who are part of certain groups, typically known as gangs, there are dangers surrounding these†¦show more content†¦Although an attempt has been made by certain forces, where 66 Urban street Gangs were identified in North England in January 2012 (Dooley, 2017). Detective Chief Inspector Debbie Dooley from Greater Manchester Police identified 886 gang members in 2012; in line with the population, only 0.03% was involved in gangs in the area. This, of course, reflected individuals’ part of a group that fit in accordance with the ‘Dying to Belong’ definition on an Urban Street Gang. London Metropolitan Police Service also assessed their gangs’ situation in 2012 where it was identified that there were 259 violent youth gangs. These gangs ranged from street gangs perpetrating violence to criminal networks involving drug and firearms dealing and supply (If only someone had listened: Office of the Children’s Commissioner’s Inquiry, 2013). The figures for gang members is criticised by Gangsline founder Sheldon Thomas who argues that the â€Å"police do not have a full understanding of who is in a gang and who is not† (Home Office, 2017). The varying definitions of gangs across police services have made it difficult to configure the scale of gangs on a national level. A recommendation was made in the Gang and Youth Crime publication that a more unified definition is required to gather reliable data in order to address the country’s concerns. Is it a problem? Gangs are not a new phenomenon; since the mid-1900s, British research has focused on gangs that are groups of people with wideShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Violence And Violence1684 Words   |  7 PagesIn the modern age, many problems can be solved quickly and effectively by having a thoughtful discussion with both belligerents. However, depending on the severity of the problem, the direness of the situation, and the time one has to react, a violent solution may be the only option. There are those who believe that violence should be abhorred and never resorted to, but those who think that are optimistic dreamers who are living in a false reality. Of course, if everyone shared their viewpoint, fightsRead MoreThe Problem of Domestic Violence1600 Words   |  7 Pagesto him that I was there for the Annual Domestic Violence Conference and he said to me â€Å"We have that problem here?† I told him, â€Å"That problem is everywhere and actually one in three women will face abu se in one way or another in their lifetime.† I had just learned all of this information from attending this event. I started my role as a Victim Advocate only four days previous to this day. I was not aware of the complete picture of domestic violence but I could relate this phenomena in being partRead MoreThe Problem Of Domestic Violence860 Words   |  4 PagesThis research paper is design to help us understand how much of a problem that domestic violence is. This data used in this research was gather from numerous sources including journals, articles and a book. The purpose of using this data from the resources breakdown the components how the police culture and domestic violence operate on the same level on independence without any repercussions or interference the research also looks the responses of Honolulu Police department and how its policies andRead MoreThe Problem Of Domestic Violence786 Words   |  4 PagesThe girl heard in the 911 call recording seems to be in imminent danger from exposure of domestic violence. Throughout the recording she sounds terrified as she is hysterically screaming and crying. She tells the operator that her mother and father are fighting and later noted that â€Å"this has been going on forever and ever.† Both the girl and the mother could be heard screaming â€Å"stop it.† During the recording the the girl also screams out â€Å"stop it, you are going to hurt the baby† which indicatesRead MoreFamily Violence : A Problem1291 Words   |  6 PagesHannah Wyatt Mrs. Gallos English 3 Honors 6 April 2017 Family Violence A problem that occurs in many homes, though some do not see it, is abuse. Whether it be from a parent, spouse, brother or sister, it is a very real thing that can sometimes go unnoticed. Handling a situation, such as this, is harder to do when one does do not know exactly what it is or when it is occurring. Even though people do not see or hear about it, people should be educated on it and learn how to stop it because it affectsRead MoreThe Problem Of The Gun Violence Problem1577 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gun Violence Problem There have been 46 school shootings so far this year, with an average of about one a week. This is an absolutely mind blowing statistic., Nno other countries in the world have such a major problem. (Carissimo). I aimed to pursue this broad problem, and to discover why the U.S. has such a problem with mass shootings. and I wondered if there a way to fix this permeating issue or will it continue to eat away at America. How many more lives will be lost until, we as a countryRead MoreThe Problem of Media and Violence836 Words   |  3 Pages Violence has become a serious problem in America. From Sandy Hook Elementary to the Aurora Colorado shootings, terrorism has crept deeper into the culture. From 1982-1992 there were eight incidences of terrorism. From 2002-2012 there have been seventeen (Geigner). The growth at which these events are spreading is exponential. Modern terrorism did not begin until approximately the 1950s when it changed from guerrilla tactics used by a nation to the t o the type common today, non-state terrorism. TheseRead MoreThe Problem Of Gang Violence1356 Words   |  6 PagesGang violence has grown to be a great problem in El Salvador in the last 30 years. Gangs have grown into large, complex organized crime units; the two largest gangs, MS13 (also known as Mara Salvatrucha 13) and Barrio18 (also known as Calle18), now encompass large parts of Central America. Both gangs rely heavily on local drug-peddling, which drives most of the general gang violence. The desire for control over certain areas had forged a fierce rivalry, in which civilians are often endangered whenRead MoreThe Problem Of Gangs And Violence995 Words   |  4 PagesThe problem of gangs and violence are commonly found in Chicago, especially during the night time. Although the rate seems to be lower compared to the past, the violence rate is still shocking compared to other states. Therefore, violence in Chicago s neighborhoods and communities cannot be overlooked. Statisti cs show that 1,109 school-aged youth were shot, and 216 of those were killed in 2010. As a student of UIC, I often receive crime alert emails as violence cases seemed to occur quite oftenRead MoreThe Problem Of Female Violence1545 Words   |  7 Pageswomen. In fact, violence is the one variable of which there are overwhelmingly skewed results proving gender differences. So we may ask ourselves, why do women strike men inside the house in relatively equal numbers, but nearly never resort to violence outside the home? Women for instance may argue that their aggression towards men is harmless, and that slapping a man is quite feminine. These explanations may likely have some validity, but neither addresses motivation for the violence, nor the context

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Essay on 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act - 1331 Words

1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act Right before a movie starts in your theatre, you’re subjected to many advertisements. One that always stood out was the piracy campaign ad which gave a perspective on the downloading of movies from an off set worker. His distinctive message was that, movie stars are paid exorbitant amounts of money but the on and off set workers are not. By downloading the movie or â€Å"screener† in advanced, you’re really hurting the people behind the magic. So what does this have to do with us? Under the 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act it states that copyright holders can send cease-and-desist letters to Internet providers when subscribers are discovered sharing unauthorized material. Has our privacy been†¦show more content†¦I believe internet piracy has created a new topic that wont be resolved by the end of this paper or anytime soon. In the case of the RIAA going after certain internet service providers i.e. Verizon, has led me to believe that even though co untless acts of piracy are being committed daily, by prosecuting the people without their full consent still constitutes as a violation. The question is how far can the law take you? When Napster closed its gates in 2000, there were 20 million users angry and confused, leaving many people to blame Metallica: the iconic heavy metal group. They felt that the music that was being distributed violated the intellectual property law. The group blamed Napster (in its free form idea), not Napster Inc. (today) that they were not being compensated for and also one of the major reasons for the slumping record sales. The only problem I see with this is that the â€Å"slaying of one enemy only to seed the field with a thousand new opponents – opponents who are, not indecently, its own best customers.† (Cave and Quistgaard) Programs like Kazaa, Gnutella, WinMX and a thousand more just like its predecessor have one key difference: there is no central server. This means now the record label cannot individually sue. Or can they? The approach to this problem now is by individually fining people. â€Å"The RIAA recently settled lawsuits against four college students for $12,500 to $17,500 each.† (Graham, 2003) The idea they are trying toShow MoreRelated The Effects of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 Essay1313 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 The verb copy is defined as â€Å"To reproduce an original.† (Webster, 57-58) This idea of copying has been around for hundreds of years. In the current time, laws have had to be written to protect against the idea of copying someone else’s work. There are ways around the copyright laws. â€Å"A copy is in violation of a copyright if the original can be â€Å"perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated by or from the copy, directlyRead MoreDigital Technology And Its Effects On The World1639 Words   |  7 Pagesagainst some very complex issues such as how to control piracy of copyrighted digital media. However, copyright owners have sought out legal means to protect their intellectual assets. In recent years copyright laws have been in effect to strike a balance between protecting the rights of authors, artist and copyright owners, and according to the U.S. Constitution, to â€Å"promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts.† Digital technology, unlike analog technology that preceded it, can make large copiesRead MoreEssay about The Digital Millennium Copyright Act1449 Words   |  6 PagesThe Digital Millennium Copyright Act Signed into law by President Clinton on October 28, 1998, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) was the foundation of an effort by Congress to implement United States treaty obligations and to move the nations copyright law into the digital age. (Executive Summary DMCA Report) While this seems a valid description of the law, perhaps a more accurate interpretation lies in the following statement: The DMCA is a piece of legislation rushed throughRead MoreImpact Of The Digital Millennium Copyright Act On Copyright Enforcement And Fair Use3378 Words   |  14 PagesImpact of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act on Copyright Enforcement and Fair Use Jean-Paul Muyshondt University of North Carolina Wilmington Abstract The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 has changed the focus of copyright enforcement away from the act of copyright infringement and toward the act of circumvention of the technologies used to protect the rights of digital media owners. Additionally, the act has had adverse effects that outweigh the benefits that it provides. Key Words:Read MoreThe Digital Millennium Copyright Act1513 Words   |  7 Pagesadvent of the Internet, Congress passed the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) in 1998 to address the obligations imposed by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Treaty. Owners of copyright were concerned that their works would be pirated online, and the existing legal systems in place at the time were insufficient to protect individuals and the industry as a whole. The DMCA was passed in 1998 with the intention of stopping copyright infringers from circumventing anti-piracy protectionsRead MoreCopyright Law On The Planet1278 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Only one thing is impossible for God: To find any sense in any copyright law on the planet† (Mark Twain). The concept of copyright in the United States has a large history. The first form of copyright in the United States stems from Article 1, Section 8, Clause 8 of the U.S. Constitution in the year 1787, where â€Å"Congress shall have power . . . to promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writingsRead MoreJudge Chavez And The Case1006 Words   |  5 Pagesher work. Copyright for photographers means owning property. With ownership, you get certain exclusive rights to that property. For photographic copyrights, the ownership rights include: (1) To reproduce the photograph; (2) To prepare derivative works based upon the photograph; (3) To distribute copies of the photograph to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending (4) To display the photograph publicly This can be found in the U.S. Copyright Act at 17 URead MoreDancing Baby Revelation : Consideration On Notice And Take Down Procedure Under Chinese Copyright Law1704 Words   |  7 PagesDancing Baby Revelation: Consideration on Notice and Take Down Procedure under Chinese Copyright Law Qianhui Zhang Introduction On February 7, 2007, a 29-second video was uploaded onto YouTube by Stephanie Lenz. The video was about her two toddlers pushing a push-toy and â€Å"dancing† along with the song â€Å"Let’s go crazy†by Prince. â€Å"About four seconds into the video, Lenz asks her thirteen month-old son ‘what do you think of the music?’ after which he bobs up and down while holding a push toy.† AsRead More Is Copy Protection Cracking Ethical? Essay1993 Words   |  8 Pagesare then able to use and copy the item without the copy protection preventing or hindering their use. This process is commonly known as cracking and the hackers involved in the process are known as crackers. Cracking is commonly viewed as an illegal act in many countries as it is typically used to steal copies of the copyrighted item. However, there are benefits to cracking. It can remove the inconveniences the copy protection scheme imposes on users and in some cases allow users to work around incompatibilitiesRead MoreInternet Legislation And The Loss Of American Freedom1853 Words   |  8 Pagesstop the digital copyright infringement of American intellectual properties, mainly in foreign countries, but the overly vague wording in the bills made it hard to decipher their real intentions (Yu). For a multitude of reasons, these bills were staunchly protested not only by American citizens, but they also received protest from numerous international groups (York). Though some may argue that SOPA, PIPA, or CISPA may have had some value, they did not have the intended result of ending digital theft

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Pup 301 Free Essays

Parul Singh PUP 301 5th February 2013 Putting Greenways in My life The article â€Å"Putting Greenways First† talks about how cities in America are trying to â€Å"Go Green† by investing in more parks, the planting of trees, and creating overall green neighborhoods and streets. These will encourage citizens to spend more time exercising outside rather than being cooped up inside in front of their television. In the 21st century, a lot of land is cut down and built on to serve as neighborhoods, shopping malls, government buildings and grocery stores as urbanization occurs due to high pressure of immigrants and population increase every year. We will write a custom essay sample on Pup 301 or any similar topic only for you Order Now These cities, such as Mumbai, often have little trees due to large population and no land to support the population. Though urban planners and locals alike have become more aware of the environmental issues affecting global warming, there has been a steady rise in different approaches to make cities beautiful, healthy and better places to live in. The term â€Å"Greenway† comes to mind, as it is one of the first steps to making a city more environmentally friendly. Greenways are pedestrian streets like sidewalks, but instead of it being only concrete there is a high emphasis on vegetation. This creates both a visually attractive and comfortable setting for people to enjoy taking walks in contrast to taking the car. As the article suggests, low-density suburban sprawl may directly influence obesity rates in cities. Encouraging citizens to walk to school or use their bike by creating an attractive and pleasant environment may be one of the many solutions to lower obesity rates. As we see more development in our life, we can argue that the environment becomes more contaminated. There are around 20 billion tons of CO2 and other poisonous gases, like methane gas, that are absorbed by the atmosphere every year. This poisonous environment kills around 14 thousand people all over the world, for example if exposed to methane gas, it causes dizziness, headache and nausea. This confirms that to achieve a healthy lifestyle at which people are not only wealthy but also healthy and safe, we need to find ways to protect our environment. Building a green city is thus a very sustainable strategy. I was born in India (Pune) and lived in Thailand (Bangkok) for all my life. These are developing equatorial countries where a lot of people live in the cities. So living in the cities of India and Thailand, I have always felt like there is not much greenery and the pollution in these cities is high. And every year whenever I go back to Pune, I always see there are more and more buildings; the land that is in the processes of being cleared. These cities are not growing sustainably or in a â€Å"green† way because India for example, has to put money in education, health care, and other thing in order to decrease the increasing population. America, on other hand prioritizes green way because they have already put a lot of effort and money on building schools and hospitals for its citizens. The issue in Phoenix and in Bangkok is that both places are hot. There are less outdoor events because of the heat. For example, people prefer playing tennis indoors than outdoors during summers, because they need to take extra precautions like putting sunscreen on their body to protect themselves from sun burns or carry extra water to keep themselves from getting dehydrated. In Bangkok, it is so humid that when you go outside for five minutes, people always take a shower. It is very time consuming to live in a place as hot as Bangkok or Phoenix because as it is really hot, people waste their time taking a shower twice or even three times a day, and this in turn wastes a lot of water. I went to Beijing, China in 2010, and I was shocked to see how well planned the city was despite the fact that it was still a developing city, with high population and very bad pollution. Approximately, Beijing city has around 40,000 trees. The trees are planted along the road and there is a pedestrian road, beside which goes into small green parks. The trees that are planted are all the same size, and during winter, the polythene sheets are wrapped around and thick ropes around the sheet protect the bark of the trees. I thought that it was a great way of making a city green, given the thought that it is not technically green because of the pollution. After reading the article, I thought that the ideas and examples given by Arendt in the article are solely based on America. Most American cities, compared to cities in developing countries, have a lower population per mile. People here like to settle in the suburbs of the city because they have bigger houses, more space where they can have their own gardens, which is a good idea considering the downtown of the city is noisier, polluted and has little vegetation. The article gave out a lot of examples of American cities where the planners are making areas of green parks, so people can spend quality time outdoors. They are also making public transports better, so people walk to the nearest train station or bus station. They have a lot of parks with walkways, where people can spend some time walking or jogging. This will make them fit and healthy. There are ideas like car-pooling, which is when two or more people share the same car to arrive at the same destination, so more than one person can travel in a car. It is seen as a sustainable way to travel, reducing carbon emissions and hence reducing people’s carbon footprint. In conclusion, I realized that the whole concept of greenways might be able to work in some cities, which are in Colorado or Florida, because of the climatic conditions, space to build parks and less population. But it would not work in developing countries because there is a lot of population ratio to little space. But measures can still be taken to create a more environmentally friendly atmosphere, for example – some companies in London are making their building’s roof top green by planting trees in order to have a green and sustainable environment, in order to decrease the carbon footprint. In some countries, the government does not think of environment as their number one priority, mainly because they do not have enough money to reinforce ideas such as greenways. On the other hand, in cities like Phoenix, we are able to plant more trees and build parks which can provide a lot of shade and have a little sprinkling water which can make people come out of their houses more often. Greenways give sustainable solutions to various cities with climatic traits. How to cite Pup 301, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Paris Global Conference

Question: Discuss about the Paris global conference. Answer: Standardization: Australia should not agree to the proposal announced in the Paris Global Conference. The global agreement was not made previously as the need was not realized. In the last few years that scientist has begun to measure the link between temperature and carbon level. Over the past few years, there has been a sharp decrease in the percentage of American, who believes that global warming is a serious problem. Despite the rising community skepticism about global warming, it was found to have added support than antagonism for a policy to put limits on carbon emissions. Capitalism must slot in reforms to demonstrate absolute and accurate dimensions of the occupied range of value, involving both negative and externalities so that it can successfully react to intimidating crisis like climate change. Nobel laureates are being ignored by the greenies to hide their fraudulence. Nobel Laureate Robert Laughlin, there is no climatic change in the world that is brought about by the human actions The prediction was neglected by the greenies.(Althor et al. 2016). Analysis of the argument: Premise one - As per the context, there is significant circumstantial evidence that poorer nations such as China and India wanted financial support from the developed countries in order to invest in developing clean technologies to reduce the emission of the green house gasses and also adapt such an infrastructure that would be possible harm from climate change. Moreover, over the past few years, there has been a sharp decrease in the percentage of American, who believes that global warming is a serious problem. According to Boyd et al. (2015), this conference was held since scientists have warned that if greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, we will pass the threshold beyond which global warming becomes catastrophic and irreversible. Arguably, no one has thought about the importance and setting up of a global agreement before. The question arises why such a global agreement was not made previously. The reason seems to be that it is in the last few years that scientist has begun to measure th e link between temperature and carbon level. Evidence shows that the developing countries are the main contributors of the global warming, thus Australia should not agree to the proposal that they should financially support the developing nations (Brechin 2016). Premise two - As stated by Den Elzen et al. (2013), in 1997 the Kyoto protocol announced the worldwide reduction in the emission of the green house gas about five percent by 2012. For this, every single developed country was allotted a target on reduction of emission. But developing countries such as China, Mexico, and South Korea were freed from such targets. This is because tax hunger politicians lead to climate-fad. Its apparent as we observe nations around the globe tackle the equilibrium of political, military and economic powers, as they move quicker than we have observed at any occasion in past five hundred years and as advancement in artificial biology carry on to reinvent existence and death. Moreover, Capitalism must slot in reforms to demonstrate absolute and accurate dimensions of the occupied range of value, involving both negative and externalities so that it can successfully react to intimidating crisis like climate change. As stated by Mohamed et al. (2014), for democracy that until present history has provide as a beacon of optimism and headship for the globe it has been lacerated by bulky corporations and particular interests. According to Mace (2016), it no longer imitates the ideals it was customary to exemplify and as an alternative is conquered by the unimpeded influence of wealth in politics. This should be changed immediately so that it can be once more yield the wisdom of throng in self-governance (Mohamed et al. 2014). Capitalism once was considered to be an economic model which contributed in the development of the world. Now it is being aimed to be destroyed. Therefore, Australia should not agree to the terms and conditions. (Clmenon 2016). Remise 3 As stated by Eleonore et al. (2016), the United States has surely not been the glllyob most accountable performer on climate alteration. Its the major chronological emitter of carbon pollution, the Senate did not approve the Kyoto Protocol, and the United States did not get together its goal beneath it, nor has it place the majority motivated targets in front of this Paris conference. The figure total of the commitments complete in Paris is the planned nationally unwavering contributions will not add up to what essential to keep us underneath the intention is place by the accord. The emissions reductions agreements are not obligatory, that, is believed, was the inescapable and correct choice. (Kalua et al. 2014). According to the statement made by the Nobel Laureate Robert Laughlin, there is no climatic change in the world that is brought about by the human actions. The greenies as stated have been evidently observed to neglect the assumptions and study in order to suppress their fraudulence and extract money from the developed countries. Thus, Australia should not agree to this. Analysis of language and rhetoric used: According to Rafione et al. (2014), the Paris global conference, it became obvious that disagreements that have blocked a contract over few years of lead-up discussions remain unresolved. The biggest obstacle was money. The main concern of the document was that how to come up with billions of dollars countries to swing from fossil fuels and adapt to the affects of the change in the climate. The argument in the context reflects a relationship between the linguistic choices and effects from a cognitive point of view. (Nugent and Sovacool 2014). The first few paragraphs of the article are full of conflict and contrast. For instance, the developing countries such as India and China are demanding financial support from the developed countries in order to design techniques which could reduce the emission of the harmful green house gasses. The reasons for the existing and elevation of global warming have been shown by UN to be extreme weather, poverty, family violence, alcoholism, etc. The mention of the phrase solution to all crises reflects the fact that tax implementation on goods and services are the main aim of the politicians which they demand in the name of the climate-fad (Rhodes 2016). The use of the term greenmail evokes a sense of injustice. In this context a pun has been used Greenies. The developing countries are being attributed as the greenies that are felt to be dependent on the developed countries to lead a healthy life. As discussed by Kalua et al. (2014), the use of the word greenmail was written sarcastically in order to show a disagreement with the acceptance of the developed country to aid the developing countries financially. A deal in Paris would be by far the strongest ever agreed to bind both rich and poor nations to limit greenhouse gas emissions, which scientists say have blanketed the earth, raised global temperatures and begun upending the planet's climate system (Spash 2014). In one of the context of the article it was discussed that there is no evidence of the climate change rather every step was the leftist conspiracy. The statement of that a Nobel laureate was ignored and less percentage of the Americans have knowledge about the seriousness of global warming according to the context indicates the delusions and greedy features of the greenies. This paragraph serves the rhetorical purpose of suggesting economic collapse (Tillman 2015). The statement of the UNFCCC executive secretary C. Figueres produced arguments that were durable, historic and ambitious that many developing countries are demanding more than $US100 billion a year to meet the targets of the Paris conference. This statement reflects the dominance in the attitude. On the contrary, Australian President Turnbull shows a negative response by stating that Its up to you to do what you want with your own money, but dont come here expecting me to hand over mine! (Tillman 2015). Moreover, Figueres with her firecracker personality, one individual who stood in stark contrast to the monotonous conference rooms and airless political language and persuaded international leaders to make a radical reduction in theirgreenhouse gas emissions andshun catastrophic global warming. In this context, Figueres, being the United Nations climate chief, acts as an essential role in getting diplomats, community groups, and business executives to the consult the discussions all with the aspiration of attainment a global agreement to brawl climate change. As stated by Tillman (2015), she effectively sates that the real aim of the economist nations should be destroy the capitalism which according to her is the real rival of the planet. Her statement contradicts the evidence mentioned in the context that capitalism was the only economic model that give true development billions from poverty in the past. The metaphor used by UN where it states that stabilise greenhouse gas concentra tions in the atmosphere at a level that will prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system is just not a mere metaphor rather a rhetoric piece.(Spash 2014). In the last paragraph, the Australian government shows disagreement to accept the responsibility proposed in the draft of the conference which states about the financial aiding to the developing countries. On the other hand, it was strong believe that the "Green Climate Fund" was a mode of redistribution of wealth from rich to the poor nations. As stated by Rhodes (2016), this paragraph superficially seems to portray sympathetic, diligent and understanding characteristics of the developed countries, but ironically its cleaver step to achieve benefit out of the measure. Generally, the language used in the context is quite well tempered, but the errors greenies does commit do undermine their argument somewhat (Spash 2014). Conclusion: The argument made in the first context of the Paris global conference is not overloaded with emotional language and highly charged rhetoric, which given the topic is quite an achievement, a second argument which is still weak and does not support the conclusion. The Australian government shows disagreement to accept the responsibility proposed in the draft of the conference which states about the financial aiding to the developing countries which was agreed by the other developed countries. The use of the term greenmail evokes a sense of injustice. The use of the word greenmail was written sarcastically in order to show a disagreement with the acceptance of the developed country to aid the developing countries financially. The exploitation of the systems vulnerability to corruption in the area of climate research is solid evidence to global warming is proved in the context. In this context, Figueres, being the United Nations climate chief, acts as a essential role in getting diplomat s, community groups and business executives to the consult the discussions all with the aspiration of attainment a global agreement to brawl climate change.Although the develop countries agrees to aid the developing nations like China, India, Mexico financially to help them design technique to reduce the emission of green house gas, the arguments of the context proved that the vital reasons for increased global warming has been avoided to achieve benefit out of the agreement. Reference List: Althor, G., Watson, J.E. and Fuller, R.A., 2016. Global mismatch between greenhouse gas emissions and the burden of climate change.Scientific reports,6. Boyd, R., Stern, N. and Ward, B., 2015. What will global annual emissions of greenhouse gases be in 2030, and will they be consistent with avoiding global warming of more than 2 C?. Brechin, S.R., 2016, June. Climate Change Mitigation and the Collective Action Problem: Exploring Country Differences in Greenhouse Gas Contributions. InSociological Forum. Clmenon, R., 2016. The Two Sides of the Paris Climate Agreement Dismal Failure or Historic Breakthrough?.The Journal of Environment Development,25(1), pp.3-24. Den Elzen, M.G., Hof, A.F. and Roelfsema, M., 2013. Analysing the greenhouse gas emission reductions of the mitigation action plans by non-Annex I countries by 2020.Energy Policy,56, pp.633-643. Eleonore, G., Fotso, M. and Martin, T., 2016. The Global Scale of Climate Change: Cameroon Government Contribution.Available at SSRN 2767937. Kalua, A., Zhan, C. and Chang, C.C., 2014. A review of green building advocacy in least developed countries. InProceedings of the CIB W(Vol. 107, p. 2014). Mace, M.J., 2016. Mitigation Commitments Under the Paris Agreement and the Way Forward.Climate Law,6(1-2), pp.21-39. Mohamed, A.A., Eweda, W.E., Heggo, A.M. and Hassan, E.A., 2014. Effect of dual inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and sulphur-oxidising bacteria on onion (Allium cepa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) grown in sandy soil under green house conditions.Annals of Agricultural Sciences,59(1), pp.109-118. Nugent, D. and Sovacool, B.K., 2014. Assessing the lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions from solar PV and wind energy: A critical meta-survey.Energy Policy,65, pp.229-244. Rafione, T., Marinova, M., Montastruc, L. and Paris, J., 2014. The Green Integrated Forest Biorefinery: An innovative concept for the pulp and paper mills.Applied Thermal Engineering,73(1), pp.74-81. Rhodes, C.J., 2016. The 2015 Paris climate change conference: COP21.Science progress,99(1), pp.97-104. Spash, C.L., 2014.Better Growth, Helping the Paris COP-out? Fallacies and Omissions of the New Climate Economy Report(No. sre-disc-2014_04). Institute for Multilevel Governance and Development, Department of Socioeconomics, Vienna University of Economics and Business. Tillman, S.P., 2015.Anglo-American Relations at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. Princeton University Press.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

When we hear the term physical fitness, most Ameri Essay Example For Students

When we hear the term physical fitness, most Ameri Essay cans associate it with athletic ability, including brute strength and sheer muscle. One who sees physical fitness in this way has been misinformed. To be physically fit doesnt mean you need We will write a custom essay on When we hear the term physical fitness, most Ameri specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now to be 64 220 pounds and have rippling biceps. Although strength is a part of physical fitness, it is by no means the only or even the most important area of consideration. Physical fitness can be defined as: the ability to adapt to the demands and stresses of physical effort. There are a number of components making up physical fitness. These are, cardio-respiratory endurance, flexibility, body composition, strength and power, speed, agility and coordination. If a body does not get enough exercise, the bodys functions will deteriorate. In other words, the amount of physical stresses your body can take reflects the amount and quality of exercise you do. I would say a police officer is physically fit when his or her condition has a positive impact on performance, productivity, low absenteeism and health care costs. In this paper, I will show that the level of fitness an officer is at will directly impact the above mentioned factors. I will also show how some agencies have implemented such programs. The length and quality of a police officers career, and for that matter, his life, is dependent on the actions and conduct of the individual. Things like improper eating habits, smoking, drinking excessively and physical activity are detrimental to an officers health. According to Richard O. Keelor of the Presidents Account on Physical Fitness, approximately 60% of all deaths in the United States result from the diseases of the heart and blood vessels- diseases that are associated with physical inactivity (Fraser, 1986). In the law enforcement community, he states that the problem is even worse, especially in the areas of heart disease and lower back problems. A lot of officers go to early graves as a result of physical and mental stresses they deal with over the years. Anderson (1986), in regards to the problem, states that work experiences such as; chasing suspects, struggling with drunks, working nights and sitting for hours in a squad car eating junk food usually does not catch up with an officer until they least expect it. Studies have shown that the single most contributing factor in the early deaths of law enforcement officers is probably the lack of regular exercise (Anderson, 1986). Police Chief David Thompson of the Atlantic Beach, Florida Police Department states, odds are ten to one that a police officer will die of a heart attack rather than street violence (Anderson, 1986: 32). With all the given facts, it is easy to see that physical fitness programs are a must for all police departments. As with any other new program in a police department, the question will be raised, due to budgetary constraints, can we afford a physical fitness program? In my eyes, the question should be rephrased as, Can any department this day in age afford not to have such a program? Whatever the cost of a program, it should be weighed against the cost of absenteeism, health insurance, medical bills and disability. Fraser (1986) reports that a 1981 national survey revealed that heart attacks among middle management personnel alone cost industry $700 million annually. Many studies, including those done by the United States Secret Service and the Ohio Highway Patrol, have shown strong evidence of cost savings after a physical fitness program had been implemented. Fraser (1986) reports an 18 to 42 percent drop to absenteeism, a 4 to 11 percent increase in worker productivity, improved morale, less employee turnover, and reduced health care costs. .u97adb81b2e4db8ba50065d0132ea2f2c , .u97adb81b2e4db8ba50065d0132ea2f2c .postImageUrl , .u97adb81b2e4db8ba50065d0132ea2f2c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u97adb81b2e4db8ba50065d0132ea2f2c , .u97adb81b2e4db8ba50065d0132ea2f2c:hover , .u97adb81b2e4db8ba50065d0132ea2f2c:visited , .u97adb81b2e4db8ba50065d0132ea2f2c:active { border:0!important; } .u97adb81b2e4db8ba50065d0132ea2f2c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u97adb81b2e4db8ba50065d0132ea2f2c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u97adb81b2e4db8ba50065d0132ea2f2c:active , .u97adb81b2e4db8ba50065d0132ea2f2c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u97adb81b2e4db8ba50065d0132ea2f2c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u97adb81b2e4db8ba50065d0132ea2f2c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u97adb81b2e4db8ba50065d0132ea2f2c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u97adb81b2e4db8ba50065d0132ea2f2c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u97adb81b2e4db8ba50065d0132ea2f2c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u97adb81b2e4db8ba50065d0132ea2f2c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u97adb81b2e4db8ba50065d0132ea2f2c .u97adb81b2e4db8ba50065d0132ea2f2c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u97adb81b2e4db8ba50065d0132ea2f2c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lord Of The Flies Persuasive EssayThe police department of Glendale, AZ. has showed some remarkable, direct benefits as a result of a physical fitness program. In 1985, the city received a $70,170 refund to its major medical insurance company. In 1984, the refund amounted to over $225,000 because of reduced claims. There was also a similar savings in workmens compensation premiums (Lesce, 1985: 28). In another instance, involving the Grass Valley, CA. Police Department, the seventeen member force were noted to have a loss of 191 days due to job related injuries between 1976 and 1980. This came before physical fitness was a mandatory requirement. A review of post-mandatory physical fitness implication, between 1980 and 1985, reflects a loss of only 23 days due to job-related injuries (Mouser, 1986). This a very significant turn around and shows how a .

Monday, November 25, 2019

Show Balling on Beaters essays

Show Balling on Beaters essays Often, the action that a character takes defines who they are. This statement is also fitting in Ishmael Chambers case. Ishmael kissed Hatsue at fourteen and discussed the controversy of their kiss could cause among the community inside a hollow tree. At this point in time Ishmael feels their relationship will work, but the arrival of war changed everything. After receiving a devastating letter from Hatsue and losing his arm in battle, Ishmael could not control his rage and puts the blame on Hatsue and all Japanese. He found himself saying the words, that fucking goddamn Jap bitch(251) after the surgical removal of his left arm. Since his rejection by Hatsue, Ishmael fails to resume his normal mental state. He has reacted to Hatsues rejection with pettiness. He continues to attempt to bring Hatsue back to his arms. During their meeting at the beach, Ishmael tells Hatsue that he is a dying person(334), and wants to hold Hatsue. Hatsue, now married, turns him down. Not only does his f ailed attempts to retrieve Hatsue disabled him to sustain a loving relationship with another woman, his hate for Hatsue and all Japanese has cultivated a crippling cynicism. It was not until the revealing of the lighthouse report where Ishmael finally redeems himself. When Ishmael first finds the lighthouse notes, his temptation to seek revenge on Hatsues husband and his accumulated anger forces him to keep the notes to himself. Yet, by revealing the lighthouse report, Ishmael knows that he prevents a serious miscarriage of justice, fueled by the same prejudice which has been the focus over the decades against Japanese in San Piedro. In addition to his realization, Ishmael finds the words in Hatsues letter that will convince him to reveal the notes. In the letter Hatsue writes, Your heart is large and you are gentle and kind, and I know you will do great things in this world.(442) By revealing th...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

WE 5 Mandi crj 546 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

WE 5 Mandi crj 546 - Essay Example She goes ahead to show their relevance systematically, allowing a reader to gain a clear understanding of her work. In addition, her work is written in a logical manner, ultimately engaging the reader, making him or her yearn to learn more. Personally, I have learned through her work about three types of photographs that play an insignificant role to the investigator regarding the crime scene. Jennifer’s article focuses on technological advancements used to detect fingerprints at crime scenes such as macro lens and alternate light source. Her clear abstract gives the reader an idea on what to expect from the article. Consequently, a reader becomes interested in the processes. Additionally, she clearly elaborates how these advancements work and how the forensic photographer is able to gather relevant evidence from the crime scene. A major enlightenment from this article is that forensic photographers must always take photographs without a standard of measure because it ensures that there is no alteration or removal of evidence. Lastly,I can firmly attest that her article greatly enlightens the reader on fingerprint photography and keeps the learner engaged from the start as information flows smoothly throughout the entire

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Develop a Research Repository web Application tool Essay

Develop a Research Repository web Application tool - Essay Example The architecture will employ 3-tier where there will be the user end, business logic end and the server end. The user-end will have a system that will enable the users to access the repository. The server end will have a database which will be used to store the research materials. The database will make use of Oracle 11g. There will be a connection of these applications so that the application connects to the database (Brian, 2007). Access to the application and to the database will be achieved using web interface. The application that is used will be the browser that the users are using. There will be security of the system so that not everybody will access the system. The restriction will be differentiated so that there are restrictions for the outsiders and restrictions for members. The restrictions for outsiders will be that these users will not access the whole system completely. This is because the users will access only the parts that are of interest to them. The system admini strators and the IT staff will have the privileges that will enable them to access most of the tools and places in the system. They are tasked with maintaining the system and they need to access the whole system. There will be a user interface that will allow this access to be implemented. From the description, there is the back-end of the system and also the front-end. The back-end represents the database and the server. The back-end will be operated upon by the administrators of the system. There are times that the database will fail. There is therefore a need to ensure that it is restored back to work (Brian, 2007). With the new system, users and researchers will be required to fill in forms that will describe the research work they are interested in and send it to the system. The work that the researcher is interested in will be searched in the database. The research work that will be submitted will be approved by the staff and then approved to be added to the database. The arti cles that are added to the system will be categorized based on their nature. Detailed analysis of the tool Most of the requests will be made to the server by users. This will mean that the requests will be made through a web based system. There will be an internet connection that will help to connect the users and the server end part of the system. Without this connection, the connection and the access will not be made possible. The application that will handle all the requests will be developed using the C# programming language. This will reside in the server part of the web-based system. There are possibilities to have connections in Visual Studio either to databases or web services. The connection to the end users will be done through web service connection and the services to the back-end part of the system will be done using database connectivity. The database that will be used is Oracle 11g. The architecture in diagram 1 shows that the server and database are running on the se rver end of the system. Figure 1: Basic architecture The connection of the database and the application will be done using the functionality of the Visual Studio 2010. There is a tool that enables Visual Studio to connect to data that are from any source. When using Visual Studio, there is a tool that is used to create a connection. All connections have the same members. The property that will be used in the connection is that of ConnectionString property. This property has a

Monday, November 18, 2019

Casual Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Casual Argument - Essay Example t this point that the act of US in going to war and continuing the war has been act of self-defense and preventing more terrorist attacks in its homeland, hence it can be stated that continuing the war and eventually ending it successfully is a strategic US move that is aimed in making the American life safer. To say that one will be safer is to be assured that there will be less peace disturbance than expected within a given time frame. Since a time frame may be divided into short term and long term, this paper asserts that in the short term, while US will have to address the short-run reactions of its enemy, especially the effects on a considerable of Muslim community who may see martyrdom in the hanging of Sadam Hussien. Dickey and Barry talked of the feeling a little safer for US, at least for a short time, when the world has witnessed the putting to death of Sadam Hussein of Iraq but they seem now to paint a different picture by their reports of not seeing many American flags in Iraq, except on soldiers uniforms due to the U.S. commanders’ decision that the American insignias might offend local sensibilities of the Iraqis. They even cited a mob in the dusty Iraqi town of Fallujah displaying a new and shocking image to bear in mind the war by the slaughter of four American civilian security men, by burning them, butchering them, dragging them through the streets, and then eventually hanging pieces of them from power lines and the girders of a bridge.1 In dramatizing the effects of the war, the same authors described the incident as simply gruesome as they convey the message of â€Å"inhuman brutality of a worldwide terrorist campaign that seems to be spreading.†2 Given also the report s that U.S. soldiers are being attacked, with at least one dying every day; it would only mean in the short term, that a less than safer scenario for the US might be expected. It does not take too much time however to allow things to normalize in Iraq. Since the US has

Friday, November 15, 2019

Ethical Justification: Involving Human Volunteers in Trials

Ethical Justification: Involving Human Volunteers in Trials Ethical Justification of Involving Human Volunteers in Phase 1 Trials Zoheb Rafique INTRODUCTION Tremendous development in recent medical science and the consequent discoveries resulting in successful prevention and also cure of different diseases are shared by clinical research involving the human volunteers. Preceding the trials in the human subjects, and to ensure safety, the proposed drug and other interventions are either tested in animals (vivo) or in laboratory (vitro) to evaluate initial safe starting dose for the human beings and to key out the benchmarks for the clinical monitoring for the potential unfavorable effects. These pre human trials might not necessarily protect against the untoward effects in the human beings as happened in the case of thalidomide tragedy, which caused disability and killed thousands of babies born to the mothers, those who took this medicine. Use of healthy human volunteers in the preliminary experiments or phase I clinical trials either reduces or excludes risks of subsequent undesirable effects in the future trails (1). Phase-1 trials are conducted in order to test the safety, reactions and immunogenicity of vaccines in volunteers. Novel treatments for the cancer are first tested in phase 1 trials enrolling the patients with advanced disease, who have exhausted the standard treatment options. Phase-1 oncology trials are the pivot point in the translation of new cancer therapies from bench to bedside. Nevertheless, these trials remain ethically controversial. The controversy stems from the fact that, classically, phase-1 oncology clinical trials involve first-in-human testing of experimental treatment candidates in patients with a terminal diagnosis, who typically have exhausted standard treatment options. Commentators on the ethics of phase-1 clinical trials make diametrically opposed claims about the prospect of direct medical benefit from participation in these trials-benefits that can be attributed to receiving the experimental treatment intervention. One camp of benefit skeptics, inhabited mainly by bioethicists , characterizes this form of research as lacking any reasonable prospect of direct medical benefit. They see an ethical cloud hovering over phase-1 trials, because the vast majority of patients volunteer for phase-1 trials out of a motivation to receive medical benefit. In the view of these skeptics, such patients therefore harbor a ‘therapeutic misconception’ about research participation. This misconception calls into question the validity of informed consent and thereby undercuts the ethical basis of these trials (2). In this paper, I will discuss the ethical justification of the participation of human volunteers in phase-1 trials. DISCUSSION It is now widely accepted that medical research designed for the benefit of populations in developed countries should not be conducted with subjects recruited from populations in economically underdeveloped countries. Indeed, it is ethically objectionable to recruit from populations in resource-poor settings, even in developed countries, unless those populations are particularly susceptible to the condition the research is designed to relieve. In one study, there was proposal to conduct a phase-1 vaccine study recruiting subjects from the United States when the purpose is to assist the population of Mali, in Sub-Saharan Africa, to overcome the pervasive local consequences of Malaria. The ethical principle of justice, which requires a fair allocation of the risks and benefits of medical research, provides that the risk of research should not be planned to affect subjects from one population when benefits of the research are primarily directed to another population. It may accordingly appear, at first assessment, that the Malian government’s requirement that all phase-1 testing of the antimalarial vaccine be conducted in the United States is as unethical as it would be for the United States government to require that all phase-1 testing of a vaccine or other product intended primarily to benefit the population of the United States be conducted in Mali. Yet codes of ethical conduct are less consistent on this point than commentators usually require being. The World Medical Association’s much-cited Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for Medical Research Involving Human subjects provides that â€Å"Medical research is only justified if there is a reasonable likelihood that the population in which the research is carried out stand to benefit from the results of the research.† By this criterion, conduct of the phase-1 study in the United States appears unethical. In the context of HIV/AIDS, however, the WHO’S Global program on AIDS (1989) provided that, â€Å"in general, initial phase-1 trials should be conducted in the country of origin of the vaccine†. By this criterion, phase-1 testing in the United States is appropriate, if a vaccine would originate and initially be governmentally approved in the United States. The situation would be otherwise, of course, if the NIH was funding the study for production of the vaccine in Mali. The ethical remains of where the initial phase-1 vaccine trials can be conducted most equitably, with least risk of exploitation and most protection of the interests of study subjects (3). Most clinical research trials today require the informed consent. Concern however is raised that subjects of phase 1 trial studies might not provide valid consent. In particular, few commentators worry that subjects of phase 1 oncology trials have an exaggerated idea of any chance of the therapeutic benefit. The Empirical studies tells that phase 1 trial participants are highly optimistic an d hopeful about their chance of personal benefit and also are motivated by hope for the clinical improvement. Altruism, on other hand is much less often identified as driving the decision to enroll, when quoted as motivating factor; and it typically is not the prime reason for the participation. In one research study, sixty one (61 %) of phase 1 oncology participants were doubtful about altruism would motivate the advanced cancer patients to enroll in the non beneficial research and several phase 1 volunteers in another study showed â€Å"Surprise† at idea of research participation based exclusively on altruism. Some studies find, however that the individuals in some other types of research trials often participate in the hope of helping others. As an example, schaeffer and colleagues describe that â€Å"hope others benefit† is one of the two most common motivational factors for the healthy volunteers (4). The research participants should be fully informed about the di fference between research and therapy and also risk-benefit ratio. The researcher should offer patients substitutes other than participation in the trials and also vulnerable population should not be included in the trials at any cost and especially in the phase-1 trials. CIOMS guideline 7 talks about inducement of participation in research. According to the guideline the research subjects can be reimbursed for their needs such as transport and other expenses, and also lost earnings, that is associated with participation in the research. Those persons who receive no any direct benefit from research may also get a small amount of money for their inconvenience due to the participation in research. All volunteers may get the medical services unrelated to research and could have tests and procedures performed free of cost. Payments in terms of money or in kind to the research subjects may not be so huge as to carry them to take unwarranted risks or volunteer against the better judgment. Incompetent persons are vulnerable to the exploitation for financial gain by the guardians. A subject who withdraws himself/herself from the research for various reasons related to research study, such as unacceptable side-effects of a study drug, or who is withdrawn on health grounds, should be paid or recompensed as if full participation had taken place. For all biomedical research involving human subjects, the investigator must ensure that potential benefits and risks are reasonably balanced and risks are minimized. The Declaration of Helsinki deals with the wellbeing of research subjects and the avoidance of risk. Thus, considerations related to the well-being of the human subject should take precedence over the interests of science and society, clinical testing must be preceded by adequate laboratory or animal experimentation to demonstrate a reasonable probability of success without undue risk, every project should be preceded by careful judgment of predictable burden and ris ks in comparison with the foreseeable benefits to research subjects or to others; physician-researchers must be confident that the risks involved have been adequately assessed and can be satisfactorily managed; and the risks and burdens to the subject must be minimized, and reasonable in relation to the importance of the objective or the knowledge to be gained (5). CONCLUSION The first basic principle of the Declaration of Helsinki requires biomedical research involving human subjects to be based on â€Å"adequately performed laboratory and animal experimentation and on a thorough knowledge of the scientific literature.† This implies that human subjects should not be used unless and until successful experiments in animals, as well as in vitro, have been completed. The Declaration, like most consensus documents formulated by representatives of different nations and medical traditions, is often vague and difficult to interpret in specific cases. It might allow proceeding to clinical trials if adequate animal studies demonstrated the inapplicability irrelevance, or absence of a useful animal model. If animals died immediately after receiving a vaccine, this would undoubtedly prohibit using the vaccine in human subjects (6). I will conclude this paper by saying that research is the only way of getting rid of various diseases through proper treatment an d also benefiting future patients from those diseases which have no cure at present or any medical treatment available, so research should not be stopped. In my opinion, human volunteers can be involved in phase-1 trials but following all international guidelines and all other aspects of biomedical ethics. REFERENCES Inayat Ullah Memon. JUSTIFICATION OF PARTICIPATION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS IN PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIALS: AN ETHICAL ANALYSIS. Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2011; 2(2):26-29 Franklin G Miller and Steven Joffe. Benefit in phase 1 oncology trials: therapeutic misconception or reasonable treatment option? Clinical Trials. 2008; 5: 617-623. Bernard Dickens. Reverse Exploitation in the Baltimore Malaria Vaccine Study. Emily Abdoler, Holly Taylor, and David Wendler. The Ethics of Phase 0 Oncology Trials. Clin cancer Res. 2008; 14(12): 3692-3697. International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects. CIOMS 2002; 1-113. Wendy K. Mariner. Why Clinical Trials of AIDS Vaccines Are Premature. Public Health and the Law. AJPH. 1989; Vol. 79, No. 1: 86-91.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Knights and Thier Role In Medieval Society Essay -- European History

Knights and their role in medieval society. Knights were an integral part of medieval society. They originally began with primitive warriors such as the Mongols who fought on horseback for added speed and power, but quickly advanced to chivalrous gentleman such as the Normans. Much has been written about medieval knights with the most famous being a series of legends about King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table. Arthur and his knights were the ultimate example of what a perfect knight should have been. They were brave and skilful in battle, but merciful to their enemies once vanquished. They were courteous to ladies, and never ate or drank to excess. Knights associated in groups which they called orders. They vowed loyalty to the king they fought under and formed military org...